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Testing of sensory abilities of assessors: studying of smell and vision sensitivity
Hýsková, Eva ; Janoušková, Eva (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on visual and olfactory senses and their role in the sensory evaluation. The requirements for assessors working in sensory analysis, for testing place and requirements of the Czech Institute for Accreditation for the accreditation of laboratories working in the field of sensory testing are summarized here. An overview of methods and legislation in the field of sensory analysis is also presented. Methods for studying of smell and vision sensitivity of assessors were selected in the experimental part of this thesis. The methods were verified in the sensory laboratory, validated and standard operating procedures have been developed to the individual methods.
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The role of disease-related olfactory cues in diagnostics
Adamová, Adéla ; Schwambergová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Eretová, Petra (referee)
Correct and prompt diagnosis of the disease is the key first step to successful treatment. At the same time, for many diseases, early diagnosis is even essential for a complete recovery of the organism. However, many of the commonly used diagnostic tools are quite demanding and time-consuming for patients, as they consist of a whole set of examinations. One of the other potential options is diagnosis based on human body odour. Human body odour is somewhat stable, but there are factors that can alter it. One of these factors is certain diseases. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the substances contained in the body odour of patients can be identified by certain animals, particularly trained dogs, or by analytical methods such as gas chromatography. Recently, a number of studies have investigated the use of these methods, seeking to clarify the breadth of their use while highlighting their non-invasiveness. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide a theoretical review of studies that deal with the diagnosis of diseases from human body odour, particularly using animal olfaction. The thesis summarizes the literature focusing on this topic, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of diagnosis using body odour, critically evaluates the methodology used in the presented studies and points...
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Olfaction-mediated behavioural defence mechanisms in humans
Schwambergová, Dagmar ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Croy, Ilona (referee) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the importance of behavioural defence mechanisms, specifically the behavioural immune system and mainly in humans. I review current knowledge regarding behavioural defence mediated by odour cues. Although behavioural defence mechanisms are important for all individuals who live in social groups, I focus on mate choice, because that is the context in which olfaction-mediated behavioural defence is studied the most. Subsequently, the importance of olfaction is demonstrated using the example of self-inspection and I discuss how the behavioural immune system may be intertwined with this relatively understudied behaviour. Finally, last chapter deals with associations between olfaction and other modalities that play a role in the detection of cues which help select a healthy and immunocompetent partner. In the second part of the thesis, I present nine papers: three reviews and six empirical studies. The review papers summarise the functioning of the behavioural immune system, olfaction- mediated pathogen avoidance in mammals, and the merely weak association between attractiveness ratings based on different modalities. The first empirical paper investigates whether the threat caused by the Covid-19 pandemic led to increased perceived disgust,...
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Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše
BÍLKOVÁ, Pavlína
Petrásková P. (2019): Laboratorní test disasortativního párování u hraboše polního - literární rešerše [Laboratory test of disassortative pairing in the common vole - literature search. Bc. Thesis in Czech]-49 pp. , Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to use the literature research to map current knowledge about the effect of odour preference on reproductive success in mammals focusing on voles. As assortative pairing is referred to each form of non-random pairing. Most of the time is meant a situation in which individuals who have similar phenotypes pair more often. The opposite is the situation where individuals with different phenotypes pair more often. This is sometimes referred to as negative assortative or disassortative pairing. In particular, this study deals with non-random pairing among to body odour . These are mainly linked to genes for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in animals, which play a key role in the immune system. MHC gene products found in various body secretions form the specific odour of each individual. In the research part were searched question for following questions: How is the breeding partner chosen? Is Assortative or Disassortative Pairing More Frequent? What information does body odour convey? What channels is the odour information transmitted and received? How is odour preference testing solved in laboratory conditions? In the practical part, a plan of the experiment is presented in which T-labyrinth will play the main role in determining the odour preference. Under laboratory conditions, voles will have plenty of time to complete the process
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Perception of individual variation in body odour in human adults
Fialová, Jitka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Schaal, Benoist (referee) ; Stopka, Pavel (referee)
The thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the topic of human chemical communication and reviews current evidence on individual variation in human body odour and its perception. This part is framed by sexual selection theory. In the first chapter, the concept of the theory of communication is introduced followed by a discussion on the specifics of chemical communication. Next, the formation of individually specific body odour signatures with reference to skin glands, their volatile products and the subsequent metabolization by skin microflora is described. The next chapters are dedicated to selected interindividual body odour cues such as sex and kin recognition, genetic compatibility in genes of Major Histocompatibility Complex, and health and reproductive status in a mate choice context. Furthermore, interactions between perfumes and body odours are discussed. Finally, methods of body odour sampling are introduced and a rationale behind presenting individual samples or body odour blends is discussed. The second part is comprised of six scientific papers, specifically three reviews and three empirical studies. Review papers summarize factors affecting human body odour quality with emphasis on diet and affective states. The first text shows that human body odours contain cues to...
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